FDR, Interagency Conflict, and Military Government, 1941–1942
FDR, Interagency Conflict, and Military Government, 1941–1942
Chapter 3 explores the dynamics of intergovernmental competition and conflict. President Roosevelt approached postwar schemes with uncertainty during America’s first years in World War II. Other US government agencies contested the US Army’s claim that it should handle postwar governance primarily or exclusively. As a result, clashes occurred at the highest levels of the Roosevelt administration that were exacerbated by the frictions in FDR’s cabinet that predated the entry of the United States into World War II. In particular, New Dealers such as Vice President Henry Wallace and Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes played key roles in the disputes. In interagency disputes over the fate of Wallace’s Board of Economic Warfare, the imposition of martial law in Hawaii, the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the Western Defense Zone, and the army’s establishment of the School of Military Government, civilian New Dealers lost in every case to the army. As a result the army emerged the organization that would eventually plan and implement postwar occupation.
Keywords: Franklin Roosevelt, interagency conflict, Henry Wallace, Harold Ickes, martial law in Hawaii, Japanese-American exclusion policy, Board of Economic Warfare
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