Chapter 11 recounts how Chinese government officials managed the increasingly hostile relationship with the United States following the events of Black Friday. While Chiang Kai-shek blamed military officers and extended apologies, the United States remained unconvinced by his appeasement. Much of the American press called for a review of foreign policy with Taiwan or for the establishment of Taiwan as an independent nation or U.N. trusteeship. The international reputation of Chiang Kai-shek's government was severely damaged, leaving some officials feeling shamed or disillusioned. Though no cause was determined by the investigations that followed, private newspapers were accused of inciting the riots with inflammatory articles. Others impugned the Chinese police and military force, claiming that failure to act, coupled with poor leadership, suggested complicity in the events. In addition, the sentences given to the arrested rioters suggested the sympathy of Chinese officials with the public. For many Americans, it was easier to blame the ROC for conspiracy than to admit that the U.S. legal system had been challenged.