Defending the American Bases of Hegemony
Defending the American Bases of Hegemony
Chapter 13 examines how the Eisenhower administration handled U.S. foreign policy in east Asia following events such as Black Friday and the Girard case. Eisenhower recognized the need to placate both foreign allies and voters at the same time, since many Americans opposed SOFAs and sought to pass legislation, such as the Bow Amendment, that would prohibit GIs from being tried in foreign courts. In an effort to ease tensions, he approved a plan that would determine the number of Americans living overseas, made plans to withdraw troops from Taiwan and Japan, and considered placing more tactical nuclear weapons abroad to compensate; yet these were all long-term solutions to immediate problems. To preserve integrity, Ike officially decided to hand Girard over to Japan, resulting in a heavy critique of his administration. Though Girard hired attorneys to contest the decision, the Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the U.S. was justified in waiving its jurisdiction. In November, Girard was found guilty by a Japanese court and given a three-year sentence. Despite the ruling, diplomatic immunity and the large number of military personnel abroad still remained important issues in the aftermath.
Keywords: Eisenhower, Girard case, SOFA, Bow Amendment, GI, John Foster Dulles, ROC
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